DWI Category Archives — Page 2 of 15 — Carolina Criminal Defense & DUI Lawyer Updates Published by Carolina Criminal Defense & DUI Lawyers

October 1, 2025

Breath, Blood, and Bull: Real Science from Junk in DUI Cases

For more than three decades, I have worked in North Carolina courtrooms handling DUI cases where law, science, and technology collide. Few areas highlight that collision more than impaired driving prosecutions involving fatalities and serious injuries.

When an officer testifies about roadside tests or a LCA – Licensed Chemical Analyst explains “breathalyzer” machine results, the evidence is often presented with the weight of scientific certainty. But those of us who defend DWI charges know that level of certitude is sometimes a bit overstated.

The reality is that DUI cases are a perfect storm of pharmocokenetics, engineering, and criminal procedure.

August 18, 2025

Breathalyzer in North Carolina: AlcoSensor FST Explained

by Carolina Attorneys

In North Carolina, some people refer to the Alco Sensor FST as the “breathalyzer” or “PBT” (portable breath test). It is is a handheld breath alcohol screening device used by law enforcement on scene to confirm the consumption of alcohol. If you’ve been charged with driving while impaired, it’s a legitimate question to ask: Is the breathalyzer on the side of the road reliable?

Both the Alco Sensor FST and the EC/IR II (products of the Intoximeters corporation) detect the presence of ethyl alcohol (ethanol) in breath using an electrochemical fuel cell. Under N.C.G.S. 20-16.3, the Alco Sensor FST is approved for roadside screening. A positive or negative indication for alcohol may be considered when determining whether there is probable cause to arrest.

The numerical result of the AlcoSensor FST is generally not admissible to prove a violation of N.C.G.S. 20-138.1. A numeric portable breath test value may appear in limited administrative proceedings, but it is generally not used to establish the elements of the prima facie elements of the criminal offense of driving while impaired in North Carolina.

August 13, 2025

Stress, Cortisol, and North Carolina DWI Charges

by Carolina Attorneys

Cortisol, often referred to as the primary stress hormone, is produced by your adrenal glands in response to stressful situations, including anxiety-provoking encounters such as traffic stops, arrests, and DWI charges.

Cortisol plays an important role in regulating energy by promoting gluconeogenesis, the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, and mobilizing glycogen stores.

During acute stress, elevated cortisol levels help ensure that your body has enough energy to manage the perceived threat.

August 11, 2025

Prescription Medication and North Carolina DUI

by Carolina Attorneys

You may not expect prescription medication to expose you to DUI charges. Yet in North Carolina, impairment rather than the legality of the substance or intent to break the law triggers criminal charges. If a prescribed medication impairs your ability to drive, you can be prosecuted under state law. That surprises some folks, who mistakenly believe following “doctor’s orders” and driving is OK.

How North Carolina Defines Prescription Medication DUI

Under N.C. Gen. Stat. § 20-138.1, someone commits the offense of impaired driving if they operate a vehicle while with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 or more or under the influence of an impairing substance, even if the substance is prescribed. The statute essentially bars the defense that a drug was legally prescribed if taking the medication adversely affects your mental or physical faculties to such extent there is a noticeable or appreciable impairment.

July 19, 2025

Can I get a continuance?

by Carolina Attorneys

If you’re facing charges in North Carolina, there’s a good chance your case will not be resolved on the first court date, and therefore, you will need a continuance. It might be continued again, and again after that. Whether you’re charged with DWI in Mecklenburg County or facing a felony in Union County, continuances are part of the system.

Some clients ask, “Why is my case taking so long?” not realizing that continuances often help the defense more than they help the State. They wonder if the judge is overlooking something or if the system just doesn’t care. Some assume a continuance means something is wrong. In reality, it’s usually the opposite.

In criminal and DWI courtrooms across North Carolina, continuances are rarely about delay for its own sake. They result from crowded dockets, incomplete discovery, unavailable officers or witnesses, scheduling conflicts, or system failures that no one in the courtroom controls.

July 12, 2025

Eyelid Tremor Cannabis DRE: Unreliable Under Rule 702

by Carolina Attorneys

Should Eyelid Tremor Be Used to Prove Cannabis Impairment in North Carolina?

For years, the Drug Recognition Evaluator (DRE) protocol has relied on a structured set of physical observations to evaluate suspected drug impairment. Among these, the presence of eyelid tremor has been taught as a supposed sign of recent cannabis use. In practice, that means law enforcement officers conducting roadside evaluations or testifying in court may point to an eyelid tremor as evidence supporting probable cause or impairment. But as a recent study published in Clinical Toxicology makes clear, the scientific foundation for this assumption is, at best, unproven. At worst, it is affirmatively misleading.

In a 2024 peer-reviewed clinical research article by George Sam Wang and colleagues, the authors conducted a carefully controlled, blinded study to evaluate whether eyelid tremor could reliably and accurately be identified as a marker of recent cannabis use. The conclusion was clear. Eyelid tremor does not correlate with cannabis ingestion in a scientifically defensible way. Inter-rater reliability was poor to moderate. Specificity was dismal. And perhaps most importantly for DWI defense lawyers, the entire protocol used by officers to “spot” this supposed indicator would not come close to passing scientific muster in any peer-reviewed laboratory setting.

April 30, 2025

Felony Death by Vehicle vs. Second-Degree Murder in North Carolina

by Carolina Attorneys

When a fatal collision occurs on North Carolina’s roads, the legal system doesn’t apply a one-size-fits-all response. In cases involving loss of life, prosecutors may consider a range of charges depending on the circumstances. Two of the most serious offenses are Felony Death by Vehicle and Second-Degree Murder.

While both carry the weight of a felony conviction and serious sentencing exposure, they are grounded in different legal theories and involve distinct statutory frameworks.

This article examines how these charges are defined under North Carolina law, what legal elements separate them, and why the difference matters—not just to lawyers and judges, but to anyone trying to understand how the state treats fatal driving cases.

March 15, 2025

The Role of Expert Testimony in North Carolina DWI Cases

by Carolina Attorneys

Witnesses with specialized knowledge beyond that of a jury may in appropriate circumstances provide “expert testimony” in North Carolina. DWI (Driving While Impaired) charges in North Carolina regularly include evidence like breathalyzer results, blood tests, and standardized field sobriety tests.

Given the scientific, forensic, and at times highly technical aspects of impaired driving cases, testimony may include qualification in court of expert witnesses and consideration of NC Rule of Evidence 702 (the rule governing experts and expert testimony). In some circumstances, the formal process of qualification is not required if the police officer is certified by the State of North Carolina as a DRE – Drug Recognition Expert. It can, frankly, prove to be a complicated area of law.

At Powers Law Firm, our attorneys understand the impact that credible experts can have in DWI trials and how critical it is to get reliable evidence before the finder of fact. That may entail both challenging the State’s attempts to tender a police officer as an “expert” and introducing a defense expert to counter the conclusion of the State’s witness and their expert testimony.

March 11, 2025

Expert Witnesses in North Carolina DWI Cases: Types, Testimony, and Legal Considerations

by Carolina Attorneys

Prosecutors and defense attorneys regularly rely on expert witnesses to explain evidence that benefits from specialized knowledge. That may involve reviewing things like breath and blood testing procedures, DUI retrograde extrapolation, accident reconstruction, and medical conditions that could affect impairment assessments. This article examines the different types of experts used in North Carolina DWI cases, how courts determine whether their testimony is admissible under Rule 702, and what legal considerations apply when presenting expert evidence in court.

Understanding these issues can help if you’re facing a DWI charge. Expert testimony can play a significant role in North Carolina Driving While Impaired (DWI) cases, particularly when scientific, medical, or technical issues arise. Whether challenging the accuracy of a chemical test, questioning how an arrest was conducted, or providing insight into how a collision occurred, experts may help clarify complex evidence for a judge or jury.

What Is an Expert Witness?

March 8, 2025

DMV Willful Refusal Hearing in North Carolina: Key Issues and Legal Concerns

by Carolina Attorneys

Refusing a breath test in North Carolina triggers a separate, civil administrative legal process known as a willful refusal hearing. Even while a criminal DWI charge is pending in criminal court, the Department of Transportation – Division of Motor Vehicles (DMV) may move forward with revoking your license for failing to submit to breath and/or blood testing.

At the center of willful refusal proceeding is a hearing officer who effectively handles both the role of prosecutor—by eliciting evidence—and the role of judge—by deciding if your license will be revoked.

The stakes can be significant because a loss at the DMV hearing level may lead to a revocation lasting well beyond any criminal charge, even if the underlying DWI charge is cleared by dismissal or a not guilty verdict after a trial.