Carolina Criminal Defense & DUI Lawyer UpdatesSubstitute expert testimony in North Carolina criminal cases continues to develop, as evidence in the May 2026 Court of Appeals decision in State v. Phillips. A substitute expert may testify when the opinion comes from evidence the expert can independently review, such as photographs of visible injuries. The Confrontation Clause problem may be subject to review when the Rule 702 opinion depends on the truth of what an absent examiner recorded, measured, observed, charted, tested, or concluded.
That distinction matters in criminal defense because expert testimony can sound scientific even when it rests on human assumptions that were never tested in court. A jury may hear the word “independent” and assume the witness did the work. Phillips reminds lawyers, judges, and anyone facing criminal charges that the real question is not whether the witness has credentials. The real question may involve what the opinion is based on.